: Tours and Excursion

Parthenon

The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC, although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian democracy, and Western civilization, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments.

History & Origins

The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC as a temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos, the patron goddess of Athens. It was constructed during the height of the Athenian Empire under the leadership of Pericles. The architects were Ictinus and Callicrates, and the sculptor Phidias oversaw the creation of the statue of Athena and the decorative sculptures.

The temple was designed to house the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos, which was made of gold and ivory. The Parthenon served as a treasury and a symbol of Athenian power and wealth. Over the centuries, it has been used as a church, a mosque, and a munitions depot, which led to significant damage over time.

The Parthenon has undergone numerous restorations and conservation efforts, particularly in the modern era, to preserve its structure and artworks. It remains a symbol of ancient Greek culture and architecture.

Architecture & Features

The Parthenon is a prime example of Doric architecture, characterized by its simple, sturdy columns and lack of ornate decoration. The temple is built entirely of Pentelic marble and features a rectangular floor plan with a series of steps leading up to the colonnade.

The interior of the Parthenon was divided into two main chambers: the naos, which housed the statue of Athena, and the opisthodomos, which served as a treasury. The exterior of the temple was adorned with intricate sculptures and friezes depicting various mythological scenes and events from Athenian history.

Legends & Facts

One of the most famous legends associated with the Parthenon is the story of Athena's contest with Poseidon for the patronage of Athens. According to the myth, Athena won by offering the olive tree, a symbol of peace and prosperity, while Poseidon offered a saltwater spring.

The Parthenon's sculptures, known as the Elgin Marbles, were removed by Lord Elgin in the early 19th century and are now housed in the British Museum. This has been a source of controversy and debate between Greece and the United Kingdom.

The Parthenon has survived numerous invasions, earthquakes, and explosions, including a devastating explosion in 1687 when it was used as a gunpowder store by the Ottomans.

Tourist Tips

Visitors to the Parthenon should start their tour early in the morning to avoid the crowds and the heat. It is recommended to wear comfortable shoes as the terrain can be uneven. Guided tours are available, but visitors can also explore the site on their own with the help of informational plaques.

Photography is allowed, but visitors should be respectful of the site and avoid touching the ancient stones. The best views of the Parthenon can be obtained from the nearby Areopagus Hill.

Nearby

• Acropolis Museum: A modern museum housing artifacts from the Acropolis site.
• Erechtheion: An ancient temple on the Acropolis known for its Caryatid Porch.
• Theater of Dionysus: The birthplace of Greek tragedy and comedy.
• Temple of Olympian Zeus: A colossal temple dedicated to Zeus, located southeast of the Acropolis.
• Ancient Agora: The heart of ancient Athenian public life, featuring ruins of various buildings and temples.

Practical FAQ for Travelers

What are the opening hours of the Parthenon?

The Parthenon is open daily from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM during the summer months and from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM during the winter months.

How much does it cost to visit the Parthenon?

The entrance fee is 20 Euro for adults, with reduced rates for students and seniors.

What is the best time to visit the Parthenon?

The best time to visit is early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and crowds.

Is the Parthenon accessible for people with disabilities?

The site has limited accessibility due to uneven terrain and steps, but there are some accessible routes available.

Are pets allowed at the Parthenon?

Pets are not allowed on the Acropolis site.

Is there a dress code for visiting the Parthenon?

There is no strict dress code, but visitors are advised to wear comfortable clothing and shoes suitable for walking on uneven surfaces.