: Tours and Excursion

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, also known as Djeser-Djeseru, is an ancient Egyptian temple located beneath the cliffs at Deir el-Bahari on the west bank of the Nile. It was built during the 18th Dynasty by the Pharaoh Hatshepsut, one of the few female pharaohs of Egypt. The temple is dedicated to the sun god Amun-Ra and serves as a funerary cult for Hatshepsut.

History & Origins

The temple was constructed in the mid-15th century BCE and designed by Hatshepsut's royal architect Senenmut. It is considered one of the most impressive architectural achievements of ancient Egypt. The temple's design is unique, with three terraced levels connected by ramps, blending seamlessly with the natural rock formations behind it.

Hatshepsut's reign was marked by prosperity and extensive building projects. The temple was intended to legitimize her rule, which was unusual for a female pharaoh. After her death, her successor Thutmose III attempted to erase her legacy, defacing many of her monuments.

The temple was rediscovered in the 19th century and has since been extensively restored. It remains one of the most visited sites in Luxor, offering insights into the life and reign of Hatshepsut.

Architecture & Features

The temple's design is a masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture. The three terraced levels are adorned with colonnades, statues, and reliefs depicting Hatshepsut's divine birth and her achievements as pharaoh. The upper terrace houses the sanctuary of Amun-Ra, the most sacred part of the temple.

The reliefs and inscriptions provide valuable historical information about Hatshepsut's reign, including her famous expedition to the Land of Punt, which brought back exotic goods like myrrh, ebony, and live animals.

Legends & Facts

One of the most intriguing aspects of the temple is the mystery surrounding Hatshepsut's death and the subsequent erasure of her name from monuments. Some theories suggest that Thutmose III ordered the destruction of her legacy out of resentment, while others believe it was a political move to restore the traditional male line of succession.

Another fascinating fact is the temple's alignment with the winter solstice sunrise, which illuminates the sanctuary of Amun-Ra. This demonstrates the advanced astronomical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians.

The temple also features a series of chapels dedicated to various gods, including Hathor and Anubis, reflecting the religious diversity of the period.

Tourist Tips

Visit early in the morning to avoid the heat and crowds. The temple is best explored on foot, with the terraces offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Don't miss the reliefs on the second terrace, which depict the expedition to Punt.

Nearby

• Valley of the Kings - The burial site of many pharaohs, including Tutankhamun.
• Luxor Temple - A large ancient temple complex in the heart of Luxor.
• Karnak Temple - One of the largest religious buildings ever constructed.
• Colossi of Memnon - Two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III.
• Deir el-Medina - The ancient village of the workers who built the tombs in the Valley of the Kings.

Practical FAQ for Travelers

What are the opening hours?

The temple is open from 6:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily.

What is the best time to visit?

Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat.

How much time should I allocate for the visit?

Approximately 1-2 hours.

Is photography allowed?

Yes, photography is permitted, but flash may be restricted in some areas.

Is the site accessible for people with mobility issues?

The lower terrace is accessible, but the upper levels may be challenging due to stairs.

Are there any dress code requirements?

Modest clothing is recommended, covering shoulders and knees.